The tastiest carrot cake Essay Example for Free

The tastiest carrot cake Essay Birthdays have been special over the years, what makes it special is not balloons or parties, but the desert! Every birthday that I can remember I have had a carrot flourless cake, double layer with rich chocolate icing on the top. Its home made by my mom, she is the the only person that can cook a cake like that, I’ve never tried something so good and tasty like this one. Since I was young, chocolate has been my favorite thing to eat, no matter what time of the day, I’ll eat it for breakfast, lunch, or dinner, and cannot resist it when I see it. Just the sight of a dark, scrumptious, chocolate makes my mouth water like a little kid at the zoo eyeing some cotton candy. I inherited my sweet tooth from my mom’s dad, grandpa Valdemar; he would cover loads of healthy food such as fruit and cereal with loads of sugar. The warm inside of the carrot cake when it first comes out of the oven makes my taste buds jump with joy. It looks soft as the sky clouds on sunny days and the frosting is as smooth as malaises, rich with 2 pound of chocolate on the top of it. During the singing of the birthday song, I can see the wax from the candles dripping off and just can’t wait to blow them out so I can jump into the cake and relish the taste. This kind of cake is famous as carnival in Brazil and I can’t even find this amazing food in a city like New York, so mixed and with a lot of cultures. I hope that one day Americans will try at least one time. I’m sure that who tried once will never stay without a piece two times a month in a normal afternoon.

Bad Effect of Pro-Wrestling on on Teens and Adolscents Essay -- essays

The news that an eight-year-old boy had battered a school mate to death while re-enacting the US World Wrestling Federation TV series, came as a shock to all the parents. The tragedy consequently galvanized the people into reviewing their relations with the television set and set some limits on viewing of T.V. on their children. Four eight-year-old boys - Tom, Eric, William and James -did not come to school after lunch and dashed into a secluded place. Then they divided into two groups. While two of them , one from each side stood aside the other two got into a fight with blows and kicks on whatever parts of the body, Eric and James pounced on each other. Within seconds, James fell on the ground bleeding profusely through mouth and nose. But undeterred, Eric leaped on him again and counted till five-finally defeating his opponent. It was the last blow that James lay dead on the ground while the winning group laughing with pride. In the meantime Tom yelled to James to get up and fight but no avail. It then dawned to him that something amiss had happened. James was dead. Wrestling had caused blameless and innocent James to be dead. Watching professional wrestling on T.V. encourages aggressive behavior in adolescents. The teens search or look up to the mass media to see what makes a real man or a woman. The frequency of watching wrestling is directly linked to the behavior of teens. Also, the language and the violence used in it influences the teen males and females. Firstly, the teens look up to the mass media (the celebrities) to find the idol characteristics of a man or a woman and try to copy them. One common thing that I have noticed among my peers ,which many of you I am sure must have noticed too, that when asked in... ...hem to a dangerous path. By reading till the end of my thoughts, you must be convinced by now that watching professional wrestling on T.V. encourages aggressive behavior in teens. We all know that teenagers are easily influenced and molded into any shape, but if this tender mind is exposed to violence like wrestling, it starts to adopt and enact it. The more wrestling they watch, the more they are engaged in unacceptable behavior. Though, the debate over the influence of pro wrestling programming on teens is far from ending, we must guard what goes into our heart by way of our eyes, ears and brain, and review what we see on the TV. Bibliography DuRant, Robert H., PhD Department of Pediatrics, Brenner Children's Hospital, Winston-Salem, North Carolina- AUGUSTA FREE PRESS Wake forest University (research) Health Day News, Monday, August 7, 2006

Golden Age of Poverty Reduction Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The presentation of the article related to poverty reduction does not seem too optimistic whether the global aim was actually achieved. Basically, the main argument is that poverty reduction provides only the rate of presented resolutions to alleviate the problem. However, the real figures of people under poverty are not really reflected. As time forwarded from the late 19th century up to the present, there was an actual development of social welfare services especially in the health care sector. This prompted world populations to increase and obtain extended life expectancies. But the issue of disparity between the rich and the poor was not really reduced but worsened. The main factor to blame is the capitalists’ attitude towards profitability. They fuel growth in economies but also become the catalyst for the social inequalities to expand. To summarize the main argument, general poverty incidences could have been reduced more if economic inequality had not worsened (The Free Library, 2006). References The Free Library. 2006. Today’s golden age of poverty reduction: the story the World Bank and other agencies don’t want you to know. International Economic Publications. Retrieved January 27, 2008 from http://www.thefreelibrary.com/Todays+golden+age+of+poverty+reduction:+the+story+the+world+bank+and+†¦-a0146175404

The BP Oil Spill - 1950 Words

Oil covered everything: beaches, animals, plants, bottoms of boats. Approximately 205.8 million gallons of oil leaked into the ocean and toward the Louisiana shoreline. To put the amount in perspective, that oil could be used to drive a Toyota Prius around the earth 184,181 times (Repanich). All of this pollution and destruction because of one singular company: British Petroleum. Needless to say, the image of BP was tarnished because of this. What can a company do to come back from such a serious setback? This was the question that was faced by the company in 2010 (when the spill occurred), and is still being wrestled with today. By analyzing BP’s â€Å"Commitment to the Gulf† ad campaign, the brand’s desired identity is made very apparent. When it comes to oil, nearly all consumers are involved. However, BP does take specific steps in order to narrow down a target audience when it comes to advertising its product. Despite the hardships faced by BP stemming from the spill, consumers still have an addiction to oil. BP, the fourth largest oil company in the world (â€Å"Biggest Oil†), has such a firm hold on consumer society that it is a necessity in today’s consumer landscape. By pushing the brand’s identity to its target audience, BP used branding to overcome a severe controversy and rebuild the image it hoped to convey to consumers. When a typical consumer thinks of BP, he or she may think of the oil spill, which is still forefront in the minds of many Americans when it comes toShow MoreRelatedBp Oil Spill822 Words   |  4 PagesBP OIL SPILL Under the Deepwater Horizon, an offshore drilling ring of British Petroleum (BP) caused an oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The incident occurred on April 20th 2010, where equipment failed and caused the explosion sinking the ring, and causing the death of 11 workers and more than 17 workers injured. The British based energy company also faced other problems at the site of the oil spill. More than 40 million gallons (estimated data) of oil spewed into the Gulf of Mexico. Oil spillRead MoreBp Oil Spill1317 Words   |  6 PagesFive Lessons from the BP Oil Spill Its very easy to pile onto BP right now. The accident, which may be due more to negligence, is bad enough. The company lost 11 employees — after losing 15 in a high-profile explosion at a refinery 5 years ago. The damage to the Gulf, its species, and the people who depend on it is almost incalculable. But surprisingly, its even easier to criticize BPs behaviour since the explosion — the company has tried hard to downplay the scale of the tragedy and it hasRead MoreThe Spill Of The Bp Oil Spill1464 Words   |  6 PagesThe BP oil spill was one of the worst oil spills to ever happen in the US. There are many factors that caused this horrible spill to happen; to be exact there were eight failures of the oilrig that caused this disaster. The first failure was the cement at the bottom of the borehole was not sealed properly. This caused the oil and gas to start leaking into the pipe leading to the surface of the rig. The second failure was that the valve leading to the surf ace was sealed improperly with cement. InRead MoreBp Oil Spill1094 Words   |  5 Pagescompetitive) segments do you think BP considered or didn’t consider prior to their drilling of the Gulf Coast? What should the wedding business owners now consider in their external environment? BP decided to drill in the Gulf Coast mostly because of the oil availability and competition. Opportunity was definitely considered by BP. The North Sea was saturated with other oil companies and BP saw an opportunity in the Gulf of Mexico (Pour, 2011). The segment that BP did not do well is the environmentalRead MoreThe Spill Of The Bp Oil Spill1602 Words   |  7 PagesThe BP Oil Spill began on April 20, 2010 in the Gulf of Mexico after the BP leased, Transocean owned, Deepwater Horizon drilling rig exploded, killing 11 and injuring 17 of the 126 crew members. The explosion also sank the Deepwater Horizon drilling rig triggering a massive oil spill that would last for 87 days and leak 4.9 billion barrels of oil into the Gulf of Mexico. After the explosion, BP and the federal government enlisted the best minds in the country and worked tirelessly to come up withRead MoreBp Oil Spill1883 Words   |  8 PagesGeography 29 February 2012 BP Oil Spill Oil rigs provide the world with the fuel that is needed to keep it running. However, it is common knowledge that they may potentially cause harm to not only living creatures but also the environment they rely on to survive. This was proven in the spring of 2010 when an oil rig off the Gulf of Mexico exploded and resulted in an oil spill. This catastrophic event opened millions of eyes to the errors that can be found in the way oil rigs are set up. It alsoRead MoreBp Oil Spill1198 Words   |  5 PagesBP Oil Spill Chait, J, (2010). Dear Leader. New Republic, 241(10), 2-2. Retrieve June 21, 2010, from Academic Search Premier. This article discusses the present oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico. The president’s has not changed the Minerals Management Service. In reality, the federal government has no agency tasked with capping undersea oil leaks. All the necessary equipment, along with the expertise for operating it, resides with the private sector. BP will likely bear the full cost of the spill;Read MoreBp and Oil Spill996 Words   |  4 PagesBP was the  ªrst of these companies to change from a reactive to a proactive climate strategy formulation. In 1996, it withdrew from the oppositional Global Climate Coalition (GCC), which was characterized as the most powerful lobby organization in climate policy.28 BP then accepted the climate change problem as diagnosed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and gave its support to the Kyoto Protocol. In 1998 BP’s strategy formu- lation developed further in a proactive directionRead MoreBp Oil Spill Essay1507 Words   |  7 PagesBP oil spill is ranked as the largest environmental disaster in the world history. As the oil from BP spill washes ashore, people on Gulf Coast are suffering huge damages they have never met before. The U.S. government estimates that up to 60,000 barrels of oil a day are spewing out from the damaged BP drilling rig to Gulf of Mexico. It has ruined the shoreline, killed animal and sea life, threaten the ecosystem and harmed the tourism and fishing in Louisiana. After the spilling happened, US governmentRead MoreBp Oil Spill Globalization1062 Words   |  5 Pagesrelationships between countries and affected the world economies, be it the relationship with the board of directors of BP and the US government or the change in value of BP PLC on the stock exchange.  ²As a result of the oil spill the Obama administration imposed a six month moratorium on new deep water drilling operations which ended on the 12th of October. For twenty years previous to the oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico there had been a total ban on deep water off shore drilling. But during his presidency

Malnutrition Is The Most Terrible Poverty - 1893 Words

Introduction â€Å"Loneliness and the feeling of being unwanted is the most terrible poverty,† - Mother Teresa When body does not get right amount of nutrients, condition arises called malnutrition. Malnutrition itself is a broad term. According to World Health Organization, Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person’s intake of energy and/or nutrients. It covers 2 broad groups of conditions :- ‘Under nutrition’—which includes stunting i:e low height for age, Wasting -low weight for height, Underweight -low weight for age and Micronutrient deficiencies- lack of important vitamins and minerals, others are overweight, obesity and diet-related non communicable diseases (such as heart disease, stroke, diabetes and†¦show more content†¦This study is conducted by the team members of PVCHR to find the cause behind increasing rate of malnutrition in a marginalised communities of Varanasi. Marginalised community that s confined to the lower or peripheral edge of the society. Such group is not mentally and physically allowed involvement in mainstream activities in like economic, political, cultural and social. Some of the target communities in this study are: - Musahar community, Schedule caste, Muslims and other backward caste. Above mentioned names are categories as marginalised community due to lack of equality for them. Such communities are not aware with their primary basic needs and rights. Lack of awareness and poverty are the two main reasons of malnutrition among their children. PVCHR, is keen to find more factors behind this situation. This study will help to rummage the outcome which are responsible for up surging malnutrition in Varanasi. Target population is from five blocks of district Varanasi namely: - Harahua, Arajiline, Bajardiha, Badagaon and Pindra, covering every villages from each blocks. Aim To assess malnutrition among the children under the age of five year of marginalised communities in villages of district Varanasi. Objective †¢ To find the cause behind increasing rate of malnutrition in marginalised communities. †¢ To find out living condition of respective parents. Background A major underlying factor in high level of under-five mortality andShow MoreRelatedPoverty Is The Worst Form Of Violence1595 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Poverty is the worst form of violence† (Mahatma Gandhi). Living in poverty causes people to have extremely bad nutrition, to get severe diseases, and it forces children to work. This is a worldwide problem that affects children, mothers, fathers, and everyone else that has come close or lived in poverty. By registering more people living in poverty to vote in elections and spreading awareness it will drastically change many lives. When families live in poverty and parents do not have enough moneyRead MoreThe Effects Of Malnutrition On Educational Disparities910 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of Malnutrition on Educational Disparities in Africa By: Merette Khalil and Blessing Kuebee, African Students Association At the start of the millennium, various United Nations (UN) partners came together to tackle some of the world’s deadliest and most pressing social and economic problems, and in doing so, established the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the past 15 years, the MDGs have been evaluated and re-evaluated. This year the UN has declared a new set of 17 goals forRead MoreCielo Caldelas. Mrs. Gallos. English Iii Honors. 6 April1598 Words   |  7 PagesGallos English III Honors 6 April 2017 Prevention of Child Hunger Many children in this world suffer everyday in very different ways. Suffering ways could be the loss of shelter or having a very chronic disease. â€Å"We could start with hunger and malnutrition, which kill 3.1 million children under the age of five every year† (McGowan 8). Hunger is considered one of those ways and also causes other suffering barriers. Hunger is the craving and want of food. At times hunger causes a person to becomeRead MoreReasons for the Worlds Food Surpluses and Shortages Essay examples911 Words   |  4 Pagesreason for there being food surpluses in some countries and shortages in others, is the widening gap between the rich and the poor. In many LEDCs, such as Ethiopia and Mali in Africa and India in Asia, people are suffering from malnutrition and famine. Whereas in MEDCs, especially in North America and Europe, people are suffering from obesity and food surpluses. Until the late 1980s, both MEDCs and LEDCs were seeking to intensify farming and increase food productionRead MoreFood Security Papers1208 Words   |  5 PagesGlobal Food Security Act was passed by Congress in 2016 during President Obama’s office. The main issue of this act was the outstanding levels of hunger and malnutrition, not only in the United States but in several nations around the globe. Being that this issue also affects other aspects of society like high the levels of job demand, malnutrition, and low social performance. This bill consists of actions taken with the support of other nations to develop and implement food security strategies to promoteRead MoreThe International Olympic Committee ( Ioc ) Essay1583 Words   |  7 PagesFocusing most closely on the underprivileged and extremely impoverished areas of India, the Magic Bus organization attempts to drive education by using the means of sport (CITE, AR 3). Through education and sport, the Magic Bus programs hopes to change the lives of Indian children and ultimately the future of India as a nation. India has the â€Å"third largest economy in the world in purchasing power parity† (Varadharajan et al., 2013, p.326). With the economy as large as it is the poverty level wouldRead MorePoverty Of The United States1663 Words   |  7 Pagescapable of ending a monster that has taken the lives of children? Poverty is the monster that society worries about, especially the individuals who have to endure going days without eating and have to live in horrifying conditions. The United States has the world’s second highest poverty rate among children, and the children have no way of defeating it. Many different organizations, including the government, try to tackle and improve poverty rates. Yes, we have the technology and resources to terminateRead MoreHunger, Poverty And Economic Development929 Words   |  4 PagesHunger and Poverty â€Å"We think sometimes that poverty is only being hungry, naked and homeless. The poverty of being unwanted, unloved and uncared for is the greatest poverty. We must start in our own homes to remedy this kind of poverty†--Mother Teresa. This quote speaks deeply to those who are suffering from hunger due to the fact of the country being in poverty. What actually causes hunger? Most of us assume that it would be the countries poverty level, well most of us would be right, but thenRead MoreWhat Can We Do About World Poverty? Essay510 Words   |  3 PagesPoverty affects 80% of people in the world. That means over three million people live on less than $2.50 a day. The question today now rises what we can do as a county and as individuals to help. Poverty is an important issue to discuss and know more about for many reasons. More than 48 million Americans live in poverty and 15.9 million of those are children. More than one for every seven people currently lives in poverty all across the United States. A full time working parent working for minimumRead MorePoverty Of Poverty And Poverty1134 Words   |  5 Pageseach day as a result of poverty (â€Å"Child Mortality Rate Drops†). On their website, The World Bank calculated that the amount of people living in extreme poverty was likely to fall below ten percent in 2015. Even though the poverty rate has decreased, there are still many people living in extreme poverty. One billion children in the world live in poverty and organizations like Compassion International are helping give them a new life (â€Å"Poverty Facts and Stats†). What is poverty? There are two specific

Literary Analysis Of Hamlet - 1366 Words

Kelsey Deven Sect. 4 Professor Roberts April 21, 2015 Literary Analysis Psychological State of the Characters in Hamlet The English Play writer, William Shakespeare had written many well-known pieces of work including Hamlet. Hamlet is known to be one of his most popular works. Hamlet was written in the late 16th Century about the Prince of Denmark. The original title of the work was The Tragedy of Hamlet, now it is referred to as just Hamlet. In Hamlet, William Shakespeare uses the mental state of his characters to prove that not all characters in books have to be one dimensional. Shakespeare’s writing shows that humans are complex, and can have different mental states. Characters throughout the story such as, Hamlet, Gertrude, and Ophelia show their not so stable mental state. First we will analyze Hamlet and talk about Ernest Jones’ Psycho-analytic study of Hamlet. Then we will talk about Ophelia and how the events that happened leading up to her death or suicide played a role into her mental state. Finally we will analyze Gertrude, the Queen’s role in Hamlet, and how she is a mentally weak woman and relies on the men in her life. According to Ernest Jones, Hamlet has the â€Å"Oedipus-Complex† while others might just call him a momma’s boy. The â€Å"Oedipus-Complex† from Freud is expressed through Diderot statement of, â€Å"If we were left to ourselves and if our bodily strength only came up to that of our phantasy we would wring our fathers’ neck and sleep with our mothers.† InShow MoreRelatedHamlet : A Literary Analysis Of Themes From Hamlet767 Words   |  4 Pageslive or not to live (A Literary Analysis of themes from Hamlet) To be or not to be, that is the question. That line is William Shakespeares most famous lines, and trust me there has been a lot of lines to chose from when it comes to a genius like Shakespeare. The play is rather boring until you get up to the ending. This play is known for its soliloquies with Hamlet and how keeps the audience informed on what exactly he is feeling and about what is going on. Hamlet is going through an immenseRead MoreEssay on Literary Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1159 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet by Shakespeare is a very wonderfully written book that contains so many literary elements and motifs throughout it that it is still one of the most debated and talked about pieces of literature ever written. It begins with a very mysterious opening that sets the pace for the rest of the book. The old king of Denmark has died and he has returned as a ghost to inform his son, who is also named Hamlet, of the terrible misfortune that has befallen him and left Denm ark in a political and emotionalRead MoreFeminism in both Hamlet and Lady Oracle Essay1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe literary works, Hamlet and Lady Oracle, chart both the life’s course of their main characters and underline the protagonist’s trajectory in some decisive moments of their existence, when both of them, Hamlet and Joan Foster, need to take some decisions which may change their destinies. In this brief essay I will try to point out similarities and differences between these two stories taking into consideration a feminist approach. First and foremost I would like to mention what do I mean byRead MoreAnalysis Of Hamlet And An Argumentative Essay892 Words   |  4 PagesEnglish 112 involved writing a large variety of literary pieces focusing on multiple components of writing. I wrote a multigenre on tattoos, literary analysis on Hamlet, and an argumentative essay as well as a summary and response essay on the need for higher education. From this wide array of papers I have learned and grown in my technical writing skills that will contribute in my pursuits of college level classes. I will address each of my papers and what I have learned from them. I have includedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Structure Hamlet 1233 Words   |  5 PagesSanity, and Structure (Analysis of the structure in Shakespeare’s Hamlet) Structure is in our lives all around us; we see it in work lives, our home lives, in our owe bodies, and even more so in the curriculum that kids are learning at school. Structure, in all aspects, is constructed according to a plan. It gives a sense of assembly and backbone to whatever we are looking at. We see structure is in the information students are attaining at school, especially in the literary sense. Many authors areRead MoreReligion in Hamlet Essay1149 Words   |  5 PagesThe Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark, is one of the most famous tragedies William Shakespeare has ever written. Found throughout Shakespeare’s tragedy are many religious references. According to Peter Milward, the author of Shakespeares Christianity: The Protestant and Catholic Poetics of Julius Caesar, Macbeth, and Hamlet, â€Å"From a purely religious point of view, which is more than just biblical, Hamlet is rich in homiletic material of all kinds, reflecting almost every aspect of the religiousRead MoreHamlet vs. Oedipus Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis of Prince Hamlet in Hamlet by William Shakespeare and Oedipus in Oedipus King by Sophocles In Aristotles literary discourse, Poetics, he discusses his theory of tragedy, wherein he introduces the concepts of tragic flaw or hamartia, which serves as the catalyst for the protagonists downfall or the tragedy of the story to happen. He determines a tragedy as a drama that brings about a sorrowful conclusion, arousing fear and pity in the audience (Roberts and JacobsRead MoreThe Death and Madness of Ophelia1248 Words   |  5 Pages2013 â€Å"The Madness Death of Ophelia† Hamlet, Prince of Denmark: By; William Shakespeare In Hamlet, Shakespeare makes it clear that Prince Hamlet is insane or at least on the verge of â€Å"madness.† However, Ophelia (daughter of Polonius, King of Denmark) begins to go mad, as well, after Hamlet kills her father, and the other numerous tragedies that plague her like a black cloud hovering about until her untimely death. In this literary analysis I will ask, and attempt to explain the symbolismRead MoreThe Self Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello1495 Words   |  6 PagesThe Self-Defeat of Heroes in Shakespeares Tragedies: A Character Analysis of Hamlet and Othello Introduction Aristotle asserted that all tragic heroes had fundamental flaws that were the source of their undoing, and that were typically the source of their initial success, as well. Oedipus thinks he acts with justice, wisdom, and the assurance of success, and these things also cause him to completely destroy himself when he discovers the truth of his situation, as one prominent example. TheRead More Freudian Perspectives of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay1528 Words   |  7 PagesPerspectives  of  Hamlet  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚        Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The term consciousness refers to one’s awareness of internal and external stimuli. The unconscious contains thoughts, memories, and desires that are well below the surface of awareness but that nonetheless exert great influence on behavior.(Weiten) The core of the Freudian perspective is centered around Hamlet’s relationship with his mother, and the relationship of Hamlet and King Claudius. According to the Freudian view, Hamlet is driven by unconscious

Boston Consulting Group free essay sample

It has 2 dimensions: market share and market growth. The basic idea behind it is that the bigger the market share a product has or the faster the product’s market grows the better it is for a company. Placing products in the BCG matrix results in 4 categories in a portfolio of a company: 1. STARS(high growth, high market) Use large amounts of cash and are leaders in the business so they should also generate large amounts of cash. -Frequently roughly in balance on net cash flow. However if needed any attempt should be made to hold share, because the rewards will be a cash cow if market share is kept. . CASH COWS(low growth, high market share) Profit and cash generation should be high, and because of the low growth, investments needed should be low. Keep profit high. Fondation of company. 3. DOGS ( low growth, low market share) Avoid and minimize the number of dogs in a company. Beware of expensive ‘turn around plans’ Deliver cash, otherwise liquidate. 4. QUESTION MARKS ( high growth, low market share) Have the worst cash characteristics of all, because high demands and low returns due to low market share. If nothing is done to change the market share, question marks will simply absorb great amounts of cash and later, as the growth stops, a dog. Either invest heavily or sell or invest nothing and generate whatever cash it can. Increase market share or deliver cash. The BCG Matrix Method can help understand a frequenly made strategy mistake: having a one-size-fits-all-approach to strategy, such as a generic growth target (9 percent per year) or a generic return on capital of say 9,5% for an entire corporation. In such a scenario: a. Cash Cows Business Units will beat their profit target easily; their management have a easy job and are often praise anyhow. Ever worse, they are often allowed to reinvest substantial cash amounts in their business which are mature and not growing anymore. b. Dog Business Units fight an impossible battle and, even worse, investments are made now and then in hopeless attempts to ‘turn the business around’. c. Question Marks and Stars Business Units get medicore size investment funds. In this way they are unable to ever become cash cows. These inadequate invested sums of money are a waste of money. Either these SBUs should recieve enough investment funds to unable them to achieve a real market dominance and become a cash cow (or star), or otherwise companies are advised to disinvest and try to get whatever possible cash out of the possible cash out of the question marks that were not selected. Boston consultant group’s advantage matrix * Volume business. In this case there are considerable economies of scale, but few opportunities for differentiation. This is the classic situation in which organizations strive for economies of scale by becoming the volume, and hence cost, leader. Examples are volume cars and consumer electronics. * Stalemated business. Here there is neither the opportunity for differentiation nor economies of scale; examples are textiles and shipbuilding. The main means of competition, therefore, has been reducing the `factor costs (mainly those of labor) by moving to locations where these costs are lower, even to different countries in the developing world. * Specialized business. These businesses gain benefits from both economies of scale and differentiation (often characterized by experience effects in their own, differentiated, segment); examples being branded foods and cosmetics. The main strategies are focus and segment leadership. * Fragmented business. These organizations also gain benefit from differentiation, particularly in the services sector, but little from economies of scale; examples being restaurants and job-shop engineering. Competition may be minimized by innovatory differentiation. Practical use of the advantage matrix These two factors – the size of the advantage and the number of ways it can be achieved – can be combined into a simple matrix to help guide more creative strategy development. The specific requirements for success are different in each quadrant. Richard Lochridge[2] Size of Advantage The Boston Consulting Group described the size of advantage as a companys ability to gain economies of scale. Number of Approaches to Achieving Advantage The number of approaches to achieving advantage is the companys ability to differentiate from their competitors. Experience Curve Effects Costs of value added decline approximately 20 to 30 percent in real terms each time accumulated experience is doubled. The above relationship plotted on ratio paper (i. e. , logarithmic coordinates) appears as follows: Such cost declines do not occur automatically. They require management. In particular, added investment is required in an amount commensurate with the marginal cost of capital. The whole history of increased productivity and industrialization is based on specialization of effort and investment in tools. So is the experience curve. It is a measure of the potential effect of specialization and investment. Models of the learning curve effect and the closely related experience curve effect express the relationship between equations for experience and efficiency or between efficiency gains and investment in the effort. Result for the effect of Experience Curve Effect: * Labour efficiency * Standardization, specialization, and methods improvements * Technology-Driven Learning * Better use of equipment * Product redesign * Network-building and use-cost reductions IMPLEMENTATION The BCG matrix method This reference guide explains some of the special terms used on a daily basis at jobsites at Toyota Motor Manufacturing. It is our hope that this glossary of special terms will be of use to anyone wishing to further their understanding of the Toyota Production System. * Continuous Flow Processing One of the three basic requirements of Just-In-Time. This means eliminating the stagnation of work in and between processes and carrying out one-piece-at-a time production. * Cycle Time The total amount of time required for a worker to complete one cycle of his entire job process, including manual working time and walking time. This cycle time can be categorize a cash cows because Profit and cash generation should be high, and because of the low growth, investments needed should be low. Toyota keep the cycle for the job because its job should make a high efficiency so every product that out from toyota can be on time and if the efficiency * Flexible Manpower Line This means preparing a production line so that it can meet changing production requirements with any number of workers without lowering productivity. In contrast, a fixed-manpower line is one that always requires a fixed number of workers. No upward or downward adjustment can be made in it to meet changes in production demand. This strategy is related to DOGS ( low growth, low market share) in here toyota make a fixed number of employee needed to minimize the number of dogs in company means with ths strategy toyota will cut unefficient woker so it can improve the performance of company and save the cost Beside that we can also see another term that use by toyota that adopted from questions marks and stars. Toyota coorporation use that strategy to make a better performance for company. After that you will see anothe strategies that use by toyota to decrease the waste material and time and also to catch and caring about market growing in the world STARS(high growth, high market)| QUESTION MARKS ( high growth, low market share)| | | CASH COWS(low growth, high market share)| DOGS ( low growth, low market share)| | | Boston consultant group’s advantage matrix Based on Boston Consulting Group’s Advantage Matrix, Toyota use volume business, there are considerable economies of scale, but few opportunities for differentiation. 1. Considerable of economies of scale 2. Few Opportunities for differentiation This statement means that not only Toyota that produce vehicle, many other competitors that can competed each other in produce the vehicle. Therefore, the Toyota still can view and prove that they have something different with other vehicle such as: 1. Environmental Technology 2. Toyota’s Safety technology 3. TPS (Toyota Production System) The 5 Safety Stages – Integrated safety management concept 1. Parking â€Å"Park Safely† – parking systems, like backup cameras with Guide Monitors, assist drivers in parking or reversing safely, helping to reduce collisions. 2. Active Safely â€Å"Prevention is the Best Medicine† Active Safety technology, like lane Keeping Assist  and Night View  help drivers recognize potential dangers and reduce the likelihood of a collision. 3. Pre-crash Safety â€Å"Predict the Future† Our Pre-crash Safety systems provide a warning when an obstacle is detected by radar. They apply the brakes automatically and tighten the safety belt in preparation for a collision — reducing the likelihood and severity of damage. 4. Passive Safety â€Å"Show some restraint† In order to best prepare each Toyota vehicle in case of collision, Toyota strives for the best Passive Safety measures in the world. This includes building collision-absorbing body structures, and restraint systems like seats, seatbelts and airbags, that help protect passengers in a collision. Rescue If a severe collision does occur, the location of the vehicle is transmitted to our Emergency Dispatch Service (in Japan), and emergency rescue services are contacted to assist. This helps to reduce response time and the likelihood of casualties or further accidents. Experience Curve Effects Experience Curve Theory Implementation in Toyota World Company Result for the effect The primary reason for why experience and learning curve effects apply, of course, is the complex processes of learning involved. Learning generally begins with making successively larger finds and then successively smaller ones. The equations for these effects come from the usefulness of mathematical models for certain somewhat predictable aspects of those generally non-deterministic processes. They include: * Labour efficiency Workers become physically more dexterous. They become mentally more confident and spend less time hesitating, learning, experimenting, or making mistakes. Over time they learn short-cuts and improvements. This applies to all employees and managers, not just those directly involved in production. * Standardization, specialization, and methods improvements As processes, parts, and products become more standardized, efficiency tends to increase. When employees specialize in a limited set of tasks, they gain more experience with these tasks and operate at a faster rate. Standard operations are descriptions of work that combine people, equipment and materials to create value as effectively as possible. The components of tandard operations are takt time, the work procedure, and the parts and materials essential to start work within the process, including parts or materials at the machines. If all three of these components are not present, standard operations cannot exist. * Technology-Driven Learning Automated production technology and information technology can introduce efficiencies as they are implemented and people learn how to use the m efficiently and effectively. According to Boston Consulting Group theory of Experience Curve Effects, Toyota World Corporation has experienced the decline of cost as it has experience in the vehicle business. The decline of cost is caused by the development of technology. More advance its technology, more cost Toyota World Company can save. It has been 75 years since the first establishment of Toyota World Corporation. That long involvement made Toyota looking for the more efficient and effective way to manufacture the cars. Obviously, one of important aim is to reduce the production cost. Below is present some Toyota’s development that affecting cost of production: * Toyota Production System (TPS) TPS strives for the absolute elimination of waste, overburden and unevenness in all areas to allow members to work smoothly and efficiently. The foundations of TPS are built on standardisation to ensure a safe method of operation and a consistent approach to quality. Toyota members seek to continually improve their standard processes and procedures in order to ensure maximum quality, improve efficiency and eliminate waste. This is known as kaizen and is applied to every sphere of the companys activities. TPS has three desired outcomes: 1. To provide the customer with the highest quality vehicles, at lowest possible cost, in a timely manner with the shortest possible lead times. 2. To provide members with work satisfaction, job security and fair treatment. 3. It gives the company flexibility to respond to the market, achieve profit through cost reduction activities and long-term prosperity. * - Kaizen Continuous Improvement Kaizen is the heart of the Toyota Production System. Like all mass-production systems, the Toyota process requires that all tasks, both human and mechanical, be very precisely defined and standardised to ensure maximum quality, eliminate waste and improve efficiency. Toyota Members have a responsibility not only to follow closely these standardised work guidelines but also to seek their continual improvement. Just In Time (JIT) It is perhaps not widely known that the just in time approach to production that has now gained almost universal acceptance in world manufacturing was actually pioneered by Toyota. In fact, a Toyota engineer coined the term itself. Essentially, just in time manufacturing consists of allowing the entire production process to be regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand. The linkage betw een customer demand and production is made by analysing takt time, a device for measuring the pace of sales in the market in relation to the capacity of a manufacturing plant. For example, if a plant operates for 920 minutes per day and daily demand is for 400 vehicles, then takt time will be 2. 3 minutes. * Kanban Within the plant itself, the mechanism whereby production is regulated in this way is known as the kanban. A kanban is simply a message. For example, in the assembly shop this message takes the form of a card attached to every component that is removed and returned when the component is used. The return of the kanban to its source stimulates the automatic re-ordering of the component in question. Paperwork is minimised. Efficiency is maximised. And the Members themselves are completely in charge. Robot Workers Robot Workers can perform hard task that cannot be performed well by human. Also if the situation where the task has risk to harm the human. By implementating the development, Toyota World Corporation can eliminate the waste, takt time, and non value added activities in production. If not, those waste will be costumers’ burden. This articles below show how Toyota can have low cost production â€Å" The paint spray line of a car factory usually is a highly complex system that is built in place. Very expensive parts and experts have to be flown in. Not in Ohira. For Ohira, Toyota developed a modular paint spray line. The modules can be built somewhere else and are assembled at the plant in a much shorter time. Advantage: Cost savings â€Å" Toyota’s Secret Weapon: Low Cost Car Factories, By  Bertel Schmitt  on February 16, 2011 www. thetruthaboutcars. com â€Å"Toyota has always backed its hybrid technology as the key to reducing fuel consumption and carbon emissions, but as advanced as the technology is, diesel powered cars manage to offer similar levels of eco-friendliness but with more performance to boot † Toyota Cutting Hybrid Costs Claims Every Car Produced Will be Hybrid by 2020, By Ralph Hanson on May 11 2007 www. motorauthority. com Better use of equipment as total production has increased, manufacturing equipment will have been more fully exploited, lowering fully accounted unit costs. In addition, purchase of more productive equipment can be justifiable. Toyota Motor Co. , Ltd. s machinery and equipment became obsolete, and as mentioned above, by the end of 1950, mo re than half (53 percent) of its machinery had been in use for 10 years or more. Updating of obsolete equipment and increasing capacity was planned, and in February 1951, the Production Facility Modernization Five-Year Plan was adopted (covering the period from April 1951 to March 1956). Target monthly production under the plan was 3,000 units, approximately double the 1,542 units produced in March 1951. * Product redesign As the manufacturers and consumers have more experience with the product, they can usually find improvements. â€Å"Tokyo — TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION (TMC) announces the launch in Japan today of the third-generation Prius, which combines superior environmental performance with improved driving pleasure. Like its predecessors, the new Prius remains worthy of its name—Latin for to go before—by being equipped with the latest in TMC hybrid and other environmentally friendly technology. Its Toyota Hybrid System II (THS II) has been more-than-90-percent designed anew and synergizes with one of the best aerodynamic performances in the world. This synergy combines with other advances to achieve a world-leading fuel efficiency of 38. 0km/l2, while providing driving performance on par with that offered by a vehicle with a larger 2. 4-liter engine. † * Network-building and use-cost reductions (network effects) As a product enters more widespread use, the consumer uses it more efficiently because theyre familiar with it. To strengthen service-parts logistics, for the purpose of improving the quality of after-sales services, a Japan-wide distributor network for service parts was completed in August 1987. The network served to link Toyota and its sales outlets and came to be indispensable for the swift supply of service parts and accessories. In 1988, an online system was introduced, allowing the network to make daily orders to Toyota. † TO DO: * BETULIN FORMATN YA * KASIH PAGE NUMBER * LENGKAPIN BCG MATRIX TOYOTA (TABEL) * KASIH BEBERAPA GAMBAR TTG PENJELASANNYA * DELETE PAGE INI * PRINT N JILID